This article is about the four quadrants of abdominal organs. The abdomen is the part of the torso between the chest (thorax) and the pelvis. This section is dynamic and flexible and is home to most of the organs of the digestive system and urogenital system.
This is made possible by the support of the muscles of the abdominal wall, the front of the abdomen, the diaphragm on top and the muscles in the lower pelvis on the bottom. These muscles contract reflexively and voluntarily to increase the pressure in the abdominal cavity, which helps to squeeze out air (from the lungs and bronchus), liquid (urine or vomit), and intestinal gases, feces or a baby during labor from the pelvis. The abdominal cavity can be divided into four sections by an imaginary line that divides the abdomen into the right and left sides, and another that divides it into top and bottom, with the center point at the navel. The organs contained in the abdominal cavity can be localized based on these four sections.
In the upper-right quadrant are the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, suprarenal gland, right kidney, colon (large intestine), and the transverse ascending colon (large intestine). In the lower-right quadrant we have the cecum, appendix, most of the small intestine, the ascending colon (large intestine), right ovary (females only), right ureter, uterus, (if enlarged, females only), and the urinary bladder (if very full).
In the upper-left quadrant there is the liver, spleen, stomach, upper small intestine and jejunum, pancreas (body and tail), left kidney, left suprarenal gland, transverse colon (large intestine), descending sigmoid colon (large intestine), left ovary (females only), left ureter, uterus (if enlarged, females only), and the urinary bladder (if very full).
The four quadrants of abdominal organs may be vulnerable to diseases related to the abdomen, which can be classified based on their underlying cause, such as vascular disorders, inflammation, neoplasm/malignant tumors, nutrient deficiency, intoxication, congenital abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, trauma, and endocrine abnormalities. In addition, diseases that occur in the abdomen may be identified based on the location of the problem, ranging from the skin to the muscles and organs underneath. For example, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen might be caused by hepatitis (a chronic disease affecting the liver), cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), diverticulitus (inflammation of pouches formed in the colon), pancreatitis, thrombosis of blood vessels in the mesentery, liver abcess, herpes zoster, cellulitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.
